What role do microorganisms play in wastewater treatment?

Microorganisms play a critical role in the wastewater treatment process by converting organic matter into simpler compounds. This transformation is essential for reducing the amount of biodegradable material in wastewater, which, if left untreated, can lead to pollution problems in receiving waters. The metabolic processes of these microorganisms, primarily bacteria, involve breaking down complex organic substances through various biochemical reactions, ultimately resulting in less harmful byproducts such as carbon dioxide, water, and biomass.

This biological treatment process is a cornerstone of many wastewater treatment facilities, particularly in the secondary treatment stage, where the goal is to remove dissolved and suspended organic matter from the effluent. Efficient conversion of organic matter not only helps in treating the wastewater but also supports the overall stability of the treatment system, as the microorganisms require a balanced environment to thrive and effectively carry out their functions.